She is, for example, the only student of Greendale to have ever made use of the extra credit program that the college offers by hosting a Dia de los Muertos (English: Day of the Dead) party. Although she turns out to be his cousin, Chang convinces them to remain married. Inspector Spacetime (Travis Richey) is the protagonist in a British science-fiction television program called Inspector Spacetime that has been on the air for fifty years and has many similarities to Doctor Who (both are British science-fiction television programs that have been running for approximately fifty years). One of these pathways is depicted in Figure 4. Effectively tracking changes in the motivations and practices of these actors might then lead to the identification of particular “change agents” (e.g., some men who are motivated to educate other men about the importance of condom use). ", Vice Dean Robert Laybourne (John Goodman) is head of Greendale's air conditioner repair annex and the real power behind Greendale, as revealed in "Biology 101." However, she is visibly disturbed to see his too unbalanced behavior. The change agenda uses each actor’s current state behavior as a basis for visioning each actor’s ideal “future state practice,” defining how behavioral conditions would need to shift over time to achieve this future state sustainably. The implication of this is that a program theory from an actor-based approach must accommodate a flexible approach to gathering data on how behavioral determinants shift over time, how behaviors and interactions change among different actors because of these shifts (as intended or otherwise), what outcomes emerge as a result of these shifts, and how a program responds in reaction to these emergent changes. After Britta definitively rejects his advances, Jeff begins flirting with his statistics professor, Michelle Slater, and eventually starts dating. He appears briefly during a montage at the end of season three, apparently forming another plot. He returns in "Basic Intergluteal Numismatics," when he is found hiding in the stables, where he has lived while hiding, eating garbage, and trying to develop a "cat car." He also tells the group that he assumes all of his relationships will end, so he continually tests and provokes people and why all seven marriages failed. In "Epidemiology," Shirley and Chang have sex after bonding over how their costumes are misunderstood (she being Glinda the Good Witch and not Miss Piggy and he being Peggy Fleming and not Kristi Yamaguchi or Michelle Kwan). However, after a riot caused by the study group breaks out at Star-Burns' wake, Chang and his security team (now dressed in riot gear and equipped with batons and pepper spray) subdue the student body and restore order to Greendale, with Chang self-titling himself as General and calling the study group his "prisoners" for inciting the event. The issue I am having I can't even get close to linking the list library entry to the planner task. This item: Promoting Community Change: Making It Happen in the Real World by Mark S. Homan Paperback $99.33 Only 2 left in stock - order soon. [13] He wants his school to be more like a "real" university, and is often asking favors of the students. As the show progresses, Jeff starts dealing with his anxious and hateful feelings towards his father, who abandoned him. 1 - Go back to the PS document and change the colour in PS. Specifically, in a similar manner to how we used the behavioral conditions identified in the “current state practice” to identify additional actors to include in the system map (e.g., including local police because of their influence on survivors of GBV using formal services), we use the system map to trace the possible pathways by which a behavioral change in one actor might work to shift the behavioral conditions of other actors they are related to, thus leading to behavioral changes in these groups, which might then work to shift behavioral conditions in other actors they are related to, and so on. Though Duncan gets a restraining order against him, Chang, in turn, nullifies this by getting a restraining order against Duncan, thus allowing him to take his anthropology class. Troy's fondness for Abed is so strong that he dumps an attractive librarian immediately after she calls Abed weird. She experienced an unexplained trauma in her childhood during a birthday party involving a man in a dinosaur costume. 1.Although the term “theory of change” is the most commonly used in international development, in this article, we adopt Funnel and Rogers’ definition of “program theory” as a more comprehensive term. He enjoys jetting around on a scooter, plays the keytar as an instrument, and has a history of having his clothes stolen from the local YMCA. A doctor who is friendly and well-liked by everyone stands in stark contrast to Jeff, who tries to catch him as a ringer. Despite a wide body of literature on the importance of program theory and the need to tackle complexity to improve international development programming, the use of program theory to underpin interventions aimed at facilitating change in complex systems remains a challenge for many program practitioners. In the context of international development programs, we can thus understand a “development problem” as the outcome at the macro-level that results from the interactions and adaptations of the many agents, or actors, within this system. ", Evil Abed (Danny Pudi) is (implied to be) a figment of Abed's imagination who torments Abed as his nemesis. It has also exposed some challenges. Before it used a request and the plugins replied with an asynchronous message. Jeff later states that if he did pursue a relationship with her, it would evolve him, while a relationship with Britta would help him know more about who he is. Though his fate after the D&D game seemed unsure, Neil later emerged in "Pillows and Blankets" as the DJ for Greendale's campus radio station, calling himself "Real Neal." It is hinted at the end of "Beginner Pottery" that his mother's relationship is extremely strained. He tells her that he had to change schools, as well as his hair, his clothes, even his personality because of the incident. Prof. Michelle Slater (played by Lauren Stamile) is a statistics professor at Greendale. Leonard Rodriguez (formerly Leonard Briggs, played by Richard Erdman) is an elderly man who is studying business at Greendale Community College and has been since the ’70s. During their wedding rehearsal, they have a small argument over whether Shirley would stay at home so Andre could work on his stereo business or continue pursuing her dream of being an entrepreneur. However, by the end of the pilot episode, he is kicked out of the group before being asked to join back in. He explains his goal: to burn down the Greendale records and thereby erase any evidence of his wrongdoing but fails to see that this could potentially burn down the entire school and kill everyone. Much of this is directed at Shirley, whom he sometimes mistakes for other black women ("The Art of Discourse"); Abed, whom he suspects is a terrorist because he is Muslim; and Jeff, whom he actively tries to roast in an attempt to be cool, despite his inability to do so with wit. In the context of declining foreign aid budgets and growing demands for accountability around aid effectiveness from an increasingly skeptical polity, the “results agenda” has now arrived at the forefront of development agendas for many donor and recipient countries. For instance, although the program was designed to address a number of behavioral conditions among the local police, including technical skills-building, infrastructure support, and performance management system improvements, the change agenda identified the need for support to referral processes for the variety of local security and justice providers working in the same community. His father founded Hawthorne Wipes, the award-winning moist towelette company. While her friends do not question her place within the group, they often denigrate Britta as a "buzzkill" and the group's least "fun" member, something Britta generally takes in stride, though she occasionally reacts in exasperation. In this context, this program funded by the UK Department for International Development seeks to contribute to the improved rule of law in Nepal through a range of interventions targeting the Nepal police, alternative dispute resolution and legal aid, community groups, media, and the general public. [3] She at one point formed an activist collective, "The An-HER-Chists," but it disbanded when the other members grew tired of activism. In the first-season finale, Chang and Duncan come to blows when Chang becomes a student, and Duncan is suspended from teaching, resulting in a physical battle at the end-of-the-year dance. This led to an estrangement from her family, including any financial support, and she currently survives on her savings from her childhood. I know all about your gambling."). Yet in the episode "Spanish 101," Jeff develops a detente with Pierce. In "Introduction to Finality," Dean Pelton then offers the space to Shirley and Pierce, but because there is only one signature space, Pierce and Shirley file suit for the rights to the sandwich shop. View or download all the content the society has access to. This process can also help in identifying new interventions, as depicted in Figure 4, where Box 5 indicates that this change in practice among formal justice actors might require additional program intervention, thus an additional program activity to be added. Jeff's adventures include stints as a member of the debate team and substitute glee club, and editor of the school newspaper, as well as efforts to improve Chang's professional and love lives. While admitting their limited influence on many of the Dr. Mark Batterson kicks off the new year with a new series! While brainstorming the right college to attend, he ate at a frozen-yogurt restaurant and overheard a conversation elucidating the ease of graduation from Greendale Community College. Nuñez (Mel Rodriguez) is the chief of campus security for Greendale College. After Professor Slater breaks up with him, he sleeps with Britta in the study room after a paintball fight in "Modern Warfare." He and Jeff have a comically antagonistic relationship resulting in Jeff and other members of the study group to only say "Shut up, Leonard..." followed by a comment (for example, "Shut up, Leonard. He also unknowingly buys into many sexist and racist stereotypes, which often lead him to make offensive statements, the nature of which he's completely unaware. Establishing this understanding is particularly valuable for large, multicomponent programs like IP-SSJ, whose success depends on joint working but who often struggles to establish a coherent approach. To Shirley's surprise, Britta's wedding planning for her and Andre's ceremony was outstanding. He is of Irish, Swedish (from his paternal grandfather), and more distant French-Canadian, English, and Scottish, descent. While she is still interested in Jeff at the beginning of the second season, he is more standoffish, and after the study group learns he'd had sex with Britta during the paintball episode, Annie says she thinks of Jeff as "gross." Through our work designing and evaluating development programs, we have developed the actor-based change (ABC) framework as an attempt to address this gap. His first name is David. Despite this wide body of literature arguing that the success of programs depends in large part on their ability to understand and engage with complexity, the development of useful program theory for programs intervening in complex systems still remains a challenge. They hate the school and later sell it briefly to Subway Sandwiches. This included one-on-one interviews with program implementers as well as a number of participatory workshops. Its first appearance was in the season one episode "Contemporary American Poultry.". [20] At the end of the first season, he transfers to a community college in Delaware because of their strong hacky-sack athletic program. It has been seen with both female and child versions of itself. When the school is sold to Subway, Jeff and Britta get engaged, but once they save Greendale, the engagement is broken. Her somewhat-illicit cradle sexuality is used to lure Jeff into Glee Club. Because of his moist towelette business, Pierce is very wealthy and owns a mansion, where Troy also lives over the summer and during the second year. The baby is born in "Applied Anthropology and Culinary Arts" during what was supposed to be their Anthropology final exam, and Shirley is relieved to find that it is her husband's baby. Prof. Sean Garrity (played by Kevin Corrigan) is the theatrical drama instructor at Greendale. What is unique about our approach is that we focus on the actors within a system as a pragmatic way of modeling how change happens in situations of complexity. Such insight can provide the basis for planning more comprehensive interventions and stimulating more honest and realistic discussions of the types of impacts a program can expect (and in what time horizon). The 10 possible pathways developed could be condensed into the general logic model format presented in Figure 6. During an outing to a frozen yogurt restaurant, she read an advertisement for Greendale Community College and decided to turn her life around. However, he and Annie began a relationship, much to the bemusement of Jeff, Britta, and Troy and later, Shirley. Instead of being Abed's roommate for their sophomore year, Troy decides to live in Pierce's mansion ("Pascal's Triangle Revisited"). In the following episode, "Virtual Systems Analysis," Annie plays matchmaker with them, and the two go on what appears to be an unofficial date. MCU debuted Edward Norton as Bruce Banner in 2008's The Incredible Hulk, but he was eventually replaced by Mark Ruffalo in The Avengers. This element of the exercise was the lengthiest, spanning about 5 months, but ensured that the system map was grounded from the start in the realities of the people the program sought to benefit. Unbeknownst to either of them at the time, the girl who beat him was his study-group peer Shirley, who was then 12 and a bully. Now I get 100fps under movie mode. He later becomes Pierce's roommate in his mansion. Developing an accurate understanding of the “current state” required us to use a number of approaches, including a literature review, political economy analysis, and primary qualitative data collection. We first identified the behavioral conditions their interventions were targeting. Sharing links are not available for this article. Here's why. In the pilot, Jeff forms and joins the study group because he is attracted to his classmate Britta, whom he tries (and fails) to seduce. (Santa Fe Institute, 2017). Although ideally developed at the beginning of a program, it can be applied retrospectively as an evaluation tool, as well as midway through a program to drive changes or improvements to program delivery and monitoring. Thus, program theory should not attempt to predict every variable in advance and set up rigid measurement frameworks to measure these over time. In the fifth season, Annie has become a salesperson for a pharmaceutical company and returns to Greendale to accomplish better things with her life. In "Asian Population Studies," Shirley's pregnancy is confirmed, and thanks to a message left on Troy's voicemail, it is speculated that Chang is the biological father. To support our understanding of each actor’s behavioral conditions, we applied a political economy analysis approach to identify incentives as well as the power dynamics which define relationships between them. He provides free therapy to several students, including Britta and, at one point,[14] hopes to write about Abed's issues for a book deal. Have new actors entered the system that needs to be included in the actor-based system map? Before this, he shares several UST-y moments with another study group member, Annie, after she kisses him to win a championship debate. This product could help you, Accessing resources off campus can be a challenge. This implies that addressing a development problem from a systems lens requires first identifying the actors in the system and then understanding how those actors behave with respect to one another and in response to their environment. A submission has been filed to correct gender from Actor to Actress on the name page. [2] After dropping out of school, she started vandalizing billboards around the area where she grew up. He becomes film partners with Abed in "Bondage and Beta Male Sexuality." Funnell and Rogers (2011) have also conducted a wide survey of current approaches to using and representing program theory for interventions with significant complex aspects, including fixed ultimate outcome and emergent program theory, structured processes for developing emergent program theory, and diagrams and concepts from systems approaches. Too many variables (in and out of the control of a program) are in play that will influence how different actors will react to the intervention at different times and what other changes might emerge within the system as a result. Here, we have found John Mayne’s “useful theory of change” model as an effective tool for comprehensively articulating these pathways (Mayne, 2015). In addition, the program theory would want to capture how the overall economic and political context changes over time and how these key actor populations respond to these changes. While she was gone, Andre met a stripper named Mysti, with whom he eventually had an affair. The key point for an actor-based approach to program theory is that this literature suggests that it is not possible to fully predict exactly how actors will respond to changes over time. An example of the change agenda developed for the local police is provided in Figure 2. This page was last edited on 12 April 2021, at 18:37. In "Curriculum Unavailable," Shirley delivers a speech against the Subway restaurant, and it is destroyed in the ensuing riot. She attempts to appear progressive and cool but often comes off as misinformed and pretentious. [16] Despite believing that Whitman would be an easy teacher, Jeff had trouble passing his accounting class in "Introduction to Film" since Whitman grades his students not on their academics but on how well they "seize the day". They break up in "Basic Human Anatomy.". Alan returns in "Introduction to Finality," working as Pierce's lawyer in a court case between Pierce and Shirley for ownership of a sandwich shop in the cafeteria. The two spend most of their time at Greendale together, and many episodes are capped with one of their comedic antics. The Englishman is baffled by the school's eccentricities, dislikes the study group, and almost immediately regrets going to work at the school. Soon after, he meets Annie outside, and they kiss. In "Emotional Consequences of Broadcast Television," Elroy leaves Colorado for California after getting a job at LinkedIn. It would also be important to capture how changes in men’s attitudes might lead to changes in their sexual practices outside of union, for instance, with sex workers, and how these changes might lead to changes in HIV prevalence. FundingThe author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Spreck and City College do not appear again in the series. For the IP-SSJ evaluation, for instance, the indicator selected to measure the local police behavior change of “providing effective and efficient services” was “percentage of victims of crime who sought help from local police and reported being satisfied with the service.” This was done for all causal impact pathways. 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