In recent years Hidalgo has experienced an increase in its infrastructure. These are mostly concentrated in the community of Venta Prieta. [19] This preparation of barbacoa is considered to be the state dish. Major elevations in the state include Cerro la Peñuela (3,350 masl), Cerro el Jihuingo (3,240masl), Cerro la Paila (3,200 masl), Cerro las Navajas (3,180 masl), Cerro el Agual Azul (3,040 masl) and Cerro la Estancia (3,020 masl).[38]. [40], Construction accounts for about 4% of the economy of Hidalgo, with utilities such as electricity accounting for about the same. Numerous migrations of indigenous people took place through here, mostly arriving or passing through from the north, with many eventually settling in the Valley of Mexico. There are 978.5 km of rail lines with only 60 km in disuse.[42]. Mineral de la Reforma is the second largest municipality by population Tulancingo de Bravo is the third largest municipality by population [37], The Tolteca Corridor centers on the archeological site of Tula, which was the home of one of the principal pre-Hispanic civilizations of Mexico. Other local animals still used for food include tadpoles (called atepocates), salamanders and their larvae, squirrels and rabbits. At its lowest point it is only a few meters above sea level and it is over 3,300 meters above sea level at its highest. Largest municipalities in Hidalgo by population Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo's capital and largest municipality by population. From here they dispersed to locales such as Huejutla and Tollatzingo (now called Tulancingo) where they eventually had their capital of Tollan, today known as Tula. When Huerta's government fell, the state had a chaotic succession of governors, each of whom supported different factions. The Aztecs arrived in the 12th century, initially establishing themselves in Mixquiahuala, then founding Tizayuca later. Except for the forests on the mountain tops, the flora and fauna are those found in more arid regions such as maguey, yucca, rabbits, armadillos and mesquite trees. Although lower than the temperate Sierra Alta, the Sierra Baja still has a temperate climate due to strong, moist winds which flow from the northeast. The mining of magnesium provides the most income to the state, providing 28% of all revenues, followed by zinc (18%), silver (14.3%), limestone (12.9%) and lead (7.7%). Look east to see the Pemex Executive Tower rising high in the Mexico City skyline. [21] In 1952, an automotive motor production facility called Diesel Nacional (DINA) was constructed. The climate here is temperate and semi arid with occasional freezes. Many of these claim ancestry from Sephardi Jews who came to New Spain in the 16th century to escape the Inquisition in Spain. [1] The largest municipality by area in Hidalgo is Zimapán, which spans 824.20 km2 (318.23 sq mi), while Tlahuelilpan is the smallest at 28.20 km2 (10.89 sq mi). The municipal council consists of a variable number of trustees and councillors (regidores y síndicos). There are five major canyons located here, which take their names from the rivers that form them, from south to north: Amajac, Meztitlan, Amolon, Mezquititlan and Tolantongo. From then until 2000, the population grew from 1,547,493 to 2,235,591, leaving the state with a large number of people under the age of thirty. Hidalgo is an eastern state of Mexico that borders the Mexican states of Queretaro, Mexico, Tlaxcala, Puebla, Veracruz, and San Luis Potosi. Seventy-four percent who finish secondary school go on to high school or vocational school. Since 1984, they have had the power to collect property taxes and user fees, although more funds are obtained from the state and federal governments than from their own income. Fifty-three percent of four-year-olds and 95% of five-year-olds attend pre school or kindergarten. Over 38 million kilograms of silver and 200 tons of fine gold have been extracted since the Spanish colonial era began in the 16th century. In most of this region there is extensive mining, both of precious metals as well as lead and building stone, such as sandstone and marble. The most important poet from the 20th century is Efrén Rebolledo from Actopán, who lived from 1877 to 1929. Some of Hidalgo's main peaks are located here, including Cerro del Aguila, Cerro del Santo Roa, and Cerrro de Agua Fria. Pulque haciendas, primarily selling to nearby Mexico City, were prosperous in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Temperate regions can have hot days but often the temperature is moderated by cooler winds and clouds. 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