So you appreciate the congruency here, notice that not only did  “Artaxerxes” (Darius I) in the passage above offer support for rebuilding the Jewish people’s religious sanctuary, but he also encouraged Ezra to teach the Jewish people the laws of their God. If you are just joining this discussion here are the prior articles in this series as well as the original links to Mr. Lanser’s articles posted on the Associate for Biblical Research website. Updates? We know now with reasonable confidence that the Hebrew word  transliterated Achashverowsh (un-pointed Chshwrwsh) – further transliterated via the Greek Septuagint as Ahasuerus in our English Bibles – is the Hebrew transliteration of Old Persian Xšayâršahyâ (Greek=Xerxes). Who Was Sir Robert Anderson's Artaxerxes? This effort is a labor of love for me as a testimony to Yahweh’s wonderful redemptive plan for mankind through Yeshua. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Philip Brown II, in “The Chronological Relation of Ezra and Nehemiah,” Bibliotheca Sacra 162 (Apr–Jun 2005) (https://bible.org/seriespage/chapter-2-temporal-ordering-ezra-part-ii), whose excellent work we will look further at below, adds: Contrary to older commentators’ frequent citation of the “well-known fact” that Persian kings had multiple names, no extant archeological or inscriptional evidence equates Cambyses with Ahasuerus or Artaxerxes with Pseudo-Smerdis, or uses Artaxerxes as a general title for Persian monarchs. By the 7. I’ve missed sharing these articles with you the past few months. His reign, though generally peaceful, was disturbed by several insurrections, the first of which was the revolt of his brother the satrap of Bactria. Esther’s Ahasuerus They indicate the name “Ahasuerus” in Ezra 4:6 was not a generic “title” for Persian kings, but a personal name. Shea showed how the original Old Persian form of the name mutated into Ahasuerus—the very name used throughout the book of Esther. © 1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation. To hold this view is simply recognizing that Scripture really has one Author, God, who we rightly expect to be self-consistent. Please note here that my email response above to Mr. Lanser was before I understood that in fact the Persian Ahasuerus has etymological roots in the Median administrative nomenclature. In my forthcoming article Religion of the Anti-Christ I hope to explain why I believe both of these theories do not fit the Bible’s description of the final worldwide religious system that will be existing when Yeshua returns. He was a son of Darius II and Parysatis. July-September is our family’s busiest time of year. He is correct that the name “Ahasuerus” was also applied to another king; Daniel 9:1 informs us that an earlier “Ahasuerus,” usually identified with Astyages, was the father of Darius the Mede. 12 Artaxerxes, king of kings, unto Ezra the priest, a scribe of the law of … (Esther 1:1). At the following link you may download one of the three books shown below. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Click the following link to download your Free book: Book Download, The 13th Enumeration Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The book of Esther confirms that Darius I is the most likely candidate for Esther’s king in another way as well. READ PAPER. Over the years as I’ve read the works of Mark Hitchcock and David Limbaugh my respect for them has grown. By the time of Esther’s king the Persian empire had grown to 127 provinces. A few months later, Artaxerxes slew Artabanus in a hand-to-hand fight. Pierre Briant, one of the most respect Persian scholars of our era had this to say about the literary tradition of the Persians: “The Persians, however, left no literary record of their own history. The Final Four: World Powers & the End of this Age The problem shared by both of these suggestions is that they ignore a patently obvious fact: (Excerpted for clarity – full quote below), So if as we’ve seen in this article, Ahasuerus, (Xšayâršahyâ) given in its Hebrew spelling as. and Artaxerxes: "A book that will forever change how you understand the Bible's greatest Messianic prophecy. This novel form of tribute earned the deprecation of “huckster” from Herodutus. Granted this evidence did not conclusively prove that Darius and Mordecai were contemporaries or that “Ahasuerus” of the book of Esther is a reference to the Persian king Darius, but it did provide valuable chronological context to consider the likelihood of such an association. Further Esther 10:1 opens with the statement that this same Ahasuerus laid tribute upon the “land and the isles of the sea”, a historical description which most accurately describes Darius I ‘The great’ and a description which by the 7th year of his son Xerxes would no longer have accurately applied. Who was Sir Robert Anderson’s “Artaxerxes”? Parysatis, Artaxerxes’s mother, hated her daughter-in-law Stateira, and Stateira hated her right back. My response to Rick Lanser’s – The Seraiah Assumption: For clarity’s sake, as I go through these quotes from Mr. Lanser  article, The Ahasuerus of Esther (ch. 11 Now this is the copy of the letter that the king Artaxerxes gave unto Ezra the priest, the scribe, even a scribe of the words of the commandments of YHWH, and of his statutes to Israel. (Ezra 8:36), And all the rulers of the provinces, and the lieutenants, and the deputies, and officers of the king, helped the Jews; because the fear of Mordecai fell upon them. The highlighted red Hebrew letters Alef, Cheit, Shin, אחשורוש (the Chsh sound) would be the Hebrew transliteration of the Old Persian xšay or “ruler”. Their writings reflect a profound love and respect for the Bible and its redemptive message for mankind. Some historians argue that his wife was chosen for him by his mother Atossa, who selected Amestris because she was the daughter of Otanes and had money and political connections. The Mesoretes [sic] added the vowel pointings which gave us “Ahasuerus”. As you’ll see this exploration will have profound implications for our understanding of the time frame of the Biblical Rapture. In fact, in some ways the Bible provides us with more literary information about the kingdom of Persia than the known Persian records themselves. Hence, the Hebrew author of Esther reproduced only the consonants of Khshayârshâ and wrote ’Chshwrwsh…The spelling of the name Ahasuerus in Ezra 4:6 is the same as in Esther, and linguistically fits, of all known Persian kings, only the name of Xerxes. Indeed there were 50 states when Kennedy became president but it was during the presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower (Kennedy’s predecessor) that 49, The book of Esther confirms that Darius I is the most likely candidate for Esther’s king in another way as well. More dangerous was the rebellion of Egypt under Inaros, who received assistance from the Athenians. Ezra and Nehemiah both traveled from Persia to Jerusalem from the court of Artaxerxes. But what about Mr. Lanser’s claim that the Biblical rendering of Xerxes name as Ahasuerus or more accurately as he claims without vowel pointings as “Chshwrwsh” must not be considered a title or a throne name but rather it “was a personal name that was modified by passing through different languages.”? is generally identified with the king whom the Greeks called Xerxes. at the age of 35 he is already married to Vashti and a father. In Esther 9-10 it tells us that the Ahasuerus of Esther still had 127 provinces in his 13th year of reign. Together we can share the Biblical evidence for Yahweh’s wonderful redemptive plan for mankind. KJA 1 Esdras 3:1 Now when Darius reigned, he made a great feast unto all his subjects, and unto all his household, and unto all the princes of Media and Persia,  2 And to all the governors and captains and lieutenants that were under him, from India unto Ethiopia, of an hundred twenty and seven provinces. It further tells us that this was the Persian king who “laid a tribute upon the land, and upon the isles of the sea.” Historically speaking, this description of Esther’s Ahasuerus only truly fits the Persian king Darius I, because it was he who laid tribute upon the isle of the Mediterranean Sea. This just adds to the evidence that Artaxerxes, before it was a throne name chosen by Xerxes son Longimanus, may well have been used as part of the administrative vocabulary of the author of the book of Ezra to describe the Persian king Darius I. The second half of the Hebrew  achashdarpan  ﬢרפן(darpan) likely then is Hebrew equivalent of the Old Persian pavan which we translate today as satrap. He gave Ezra the authority to establish a legal system which was based in the Torah (law of Moses). "A book that will show you real Biblical evidence for Yahweh's guiding in hand history bringing about His redemptive plan for mankind. Daniel 9: A Word, Decree, or Commandment? About 361 he took part in a campaign against Egypt, then in rebellion under her king Tachos, and obtained that … Since both Mr. Hitchcock and Mr. Limbaugh have a background in the legal profession, and since Ezra’s place in 2nd temple history is central to both their beliefs regarding the “Seventy Weeks” of Daniel 9, I thought it would be illustrative of current Biblical thinking on the subject, to challenge them to provide a legal defense for their foundational belief that Ezra was a contemporary of Artaxerxes (Longimanus). Mr. Lanser continues: Moreover, if “Ahasuerus” was just a common “title” for Persian kings generally, what would be the point of mentioning it if the intent of Esther 1:1 was to clarify exactly which king was being discussed? I don’t ask for donations or allow advertisements on this blog. Primus inter pares? The verse reads: Esther 1:1 KJV Now it came to pass in the days of Ahasuerus, (this is Ahasuerus which reigned, from India even unto Ethiopia, over an hundred and seven and twenty provinces…). Now that harvest season has peaked, hopefully I’ll be able to write more consistently. Four years earlier… This article will look at a form of early Christian anti-semitism that is raising its ugly face again. His successor was his eldest son Arsames who was crowned as Artaxerxes II in Pasargadae. Should you decide you no longer wish to be a subscriber you can unsubscribe at any time. When Xerxes becomes king in 486 B.C. Xerxes fate is more certain-he was murdered by the commander of the Immortals, Artabanus. Answer: Artaxerxes was king of Persia from c. 464 to c. 425 BC. Mr. Lanser continues: Bringing up the fact that there was a Median king by that name prior to Cyrus should not obscure the fact that there is no evidence for any Persian “Ahasuerus” after Cyrus, save for that king whom the Greeks knew as Xerxes. Further as we’ve seen above there is a great deal of additional chronological and historical evidence that suggest that Darius I whom the book of Ezra describes as an “Artaxerxes” (before the throne name was taken by his grandson) was also the king the book of Esther describes as “Ahasuerus”. But as explained above this is not the case because, the Bible’s Ahasuerus was the rending of the Old Persian word Xšayâršahyâ which means male ruler/king and this word Xšayâršahyâ finds it’s etymological roots in the Median root word xšay (rule) hence it was a Median loan word connected to administration of Medo-Persian affairs. Darius II … He is Darius, but he was called Artaxerxes because of the province and the kingdom, for all kings of Persia were thus named just as all the kings of Egypt were called Pharaoh (Solomon ben Isaac (Rashi) circ. For those interested in confirming spelling and transliteration of these words from the original cuneiform script, below I’ve provided a translation of the Aechamenid Royal inscription A1Pa  courtesy of Livius.org. This association between Ahasuerus, Artaxerxes, and Darius is further confirmed by the Greek Ester as well as the apocryphal book of 1 & 4 Esdras. Even if you don’t believe that the books of Esdras and the Greek Ester were “inspired” at the very least they represent a version of history understood by the authors of their day. If Ahasuerus was anything but a general title, the author would not have needed to qualify him as the king of 127 provinces. Regardless of the identity of this Darius the Mede, it is important to observe that Daniel identifies Darius, the Mede’s father as an Ahasuerus long before the same name was given to Esther’s king. Once again I quote Tyrwhitt: For confirmation of this new provincial form of tribute we have to look no further than the 2. Indeed we’ve found that trusting the Bible in its most natural and common sense chronological reading provides the clearest and most natural way of understanding the chronology of the 2. Amestris or Amastris was the wife of King of Kings Xerxes I of Persia, mother of king Artaxerxes I of Persia. Indeed there were 50 states when Kennedy became president but it was during the presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower (Kennedy’s predecessor) that 49th and 50th state were added to the United States of America. Darius' mother Cosmartidene was another Babylonian, but not one of Artaxerxes' legitimate wives (polygamy and concubinage abounded at the Persian court), for Darius is commonly referred to in sources as "the Bastard." Finally I leave you with a few more historical quotes from the time of Yeshua up until the 17th century which show that some historians did in fact believe that Darius  was also known by the titles Artaxerxes or Ahasuerus. Darius ordered his satrap to assemble Egyptian sages, chosen from among priests, warriors, and scribes. Was Ahasuerus a peronsal name? I am teaching Esther…in spring of 2018. Let’s start by offering some clarifications regarding the name Ahasuerus and Xerxes. Just every couple of weeks I’ll share with you my love of Biblical history and Bible Prophecy. Greek authors gave him the epithet "Mnemon", meaning "remembering"; "having a good memory." As this article explores Ahasuerus does indeed have roots in the Median administrative word xšay which means “to rule” and by further implication “king”. Now that I’ve provided you with some fascinating historical and Biblical context related to Darius, Ahasuerus, and Artaxerxes, I would like to further strengthen the context of this information by addressing some of Mr. Lanser’s objections to my associations between Esther’s Ahasuerus and the Darius “even” Artaxerxes of Ezra 6 & 7. A bit complicate, no? Artaxerxes II: Mother: Stateira: Religion: Zoroastrianism: Before ascending the throne Artaxerxes was a satrap and commander of his father's army. Is there any validity to this? ", The Jubilee Code - 18 And whatsoever shall seem good to thee, and to thy brethren, to do with the rest of the silver and the gold, that do after the will of your God. Artaxerxes’ queen was Damaspia (Ctesias F 15), who bore his legal heir and successor, Xerxes. If indeed we are to recognize that the Scripture really has “one Author, God, who we rightly expect to be self-consistent”, then we must include the Medo-Persian usage of Ahasuerus into our interpretational matrix when trying to understand the usage of this word, especially in light of the fact that the word Ahasuerus find its roots in Median administrative nomenclature. I return to Mr. Lanser’s thoughts – picking up where we left off in the quote above: Thus, we must conclude that Ahasuerus was a personal name that was modified by passing through different languages. The problem shared by both of these suggestions is that they ignore a patently obvious fact: all through the book of Esther we encounter the name “Ahasuerus” where it refers to Xerxes. In his original article he claimed that “Ahasuerus” could not be title or a throne name. Any honor for this distinction belongs to Eisenhower not Kennedy. 13 I make a decree, that all they of the people of Israel, and of his priests and Levites, in my realm, which are minded of their own freewill to go up to Jerusalem, go with thee. Notice in the following quote the items that were considered “tribute”. A good example comes from Egypt in the 3rd year of Darius (519 BC) about the same time as Darius was offering support to the Jewish peoples in their efforts to reestablish temple worship, he was also helping the Egyptians codify their laws. There is nothing simple about looking into the past and trying to understand history from the point of view of those who wrote it. ARTAXERXES III, throne name of Ochus (Gk. Now take a look at Xšayâršahyâ as it is represented in Hebrew. Artaxerxes II Mnemon /ˌɑːrtəˈzɜːrksiːz/ was the King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire from 404 BC until his death in 358 BC. The Rapture, the 7 Year Tribulation, & Daniel 9 Reading Herodotus without perspective, on actually receives the impression that Darius was bound by the agreements that had been mutually reached by the Six when he came to power (Otanes having taken himself out of the competition), concession that basically would have made the new king primus inter pares. If you have not read Mr. Lanser’s updated thoughts I’d encourage you to read his entire article, Although calling “Khshayarsha” a “word” rather than a “name” seems to be an attempt to blunt the force of the historical evidence by redefining it, Mr. Struse did make a valid factual point above. Was Ahasuerus a Personal Name Did the Apostle Peter Believe in the Imminence of Christ’s Return? Concerning the Median origins of Persian administrative vocabulary Walter Bruno Henning, the highly respected German scholar of Persian languages and literature had this to say: “As is well known, the administrative vocabulary of Old Persian was largely borrowed from Median”. Gerard GERTOUX. Mother: Esther. Another place that potentially links the Bible’s  Darius I  (a.k.a. Your email address will not be published. They were instructed to gather in writing all of the old laws of Egypt down to year 44 of Pharoah Amasis, that is, 526 – the eve of the Achaemenid conquest. Although calling “Khshayarsha” a “word” rather than a “name” seems to be an attempt to blunt the force of the historical evidence by redefining it, Mr. Struse did make a valid factual point above. I don’t want your money but if you would take a moment to share the articles you read on this blog with your friends and family on Facebook, Twitter, and other social media I would greatly appreciate your help. If we look at the list of Achaemenid rulers given near the beginning of this article, we see Xerxes did not rule until after Darius I. Part VII – Esther, Ahasuerus, & Artaxerxes: Who was the Persian King of 127 Provinces? Part III – Darius the great Persian Artaxerxes: A Contextual Look at the Book of Ezra in the Light of Persian History The king had 17 other sons by his concubines, who included the Babylonians Alogune, mother of Secudianus/Sogdianus, q.v. This is important because we find a similar 7 councilors advising both the Darius of Ezra 6 and the Ahasuerus of Esther. Once again I quote Tyrwhitt: “The principal change which the measures of Darius introduced into the king’s tributes, appears to have been a substitution of silver and gold for articles of local production. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. But let’s look at this from another angle and test Mr. Henning’s statement with a comparison of two Persian “administrative” words found in the Bible. The Reed Sea Crossing: Which Gulf of the Red Sea? A younger son of Xerxes I and Amestris, he was raised to the throne by the commander of the guard, Artabanus, who had murdered Xerxes. In the following quote Richard Tyrwhitt explains why only Darius I qualifies as the Ahasuerus of 127 provinces mentioned in the Esther 1: “The ‘great king’ of the book of Esther is distinguished – at least from his predecessors – as the king who ruled from India to Ethiopia. (1) All are agreed that the Artaxerxes at whose court Ezra and Nehemiah were officials is Artaxerxes I, the son of Xerxes, commonly called Longimanus, who reigned from 465 to 424 BC. This break from chronological order tempts some to abandon plain-sense interpretation principles, and look instead for other ways to understand the passage. The exact date of Artaxerxes’ birth is not known. Artaxerxes) and the third comes from the book of Esther and the time of the Persian Ahasuerus. It simply distinguishes “public (or constitutional) law,” temple law”, and “private law.”. Artaxerxes I, (died 425 bc, Susa, Elam [now in Iran]), Achaemenid king of Persia (reigned 465–425 bc). My point was that there was only a single king, well-meaning but inadequately informed commentators of yesteryear, The further observation that the intended king, As testified by the Septuagint, the translators understood the, Finally I leave you with a few more historical quotes from the time of Yeshua up until the 17, Now, in the first year of the king’s reign, Darius feasted those who were about him, and those born in his house, with the rulers of the Medes, and princes of the Persians, and the toparches of India and Ethiopia, and the generals of the armies, of his, Mordecai, the Jew, in the Greek edition of Esther {Apc Est 11:1-12}, is said to have had a dream on the first day of the month of Nisan, in the second year of the reign of. No former king of Persia had been their lord, and though they formed part of the empire, which Darius bequeathed to his son Xerxes, they were lost to Xerxes after that destruction of his fleet at Mycale in the seventh year of his reign, which we have had occasion to relate. Artaxerxes, king of kings, unto Ezra the priest, a scribe of the law of the God of heaven, perfect, Darius went even further though. He could not with propriety be distinguished from the kings who had preceded him by the fact, that he reigned from Hindu to Kush, form the Upper Indus to the Upper Nile, because Darius his father had already possessed this empire. In that inscription, which I’ve color coded, you’ll find the cuneiform and phonetic spelling of the words king, Xerxes, Artaxerxes, and Kingdom as well as their English translation. Both center on the consonantal sounds “ch,” “sh,” “r,” and “sh.” The Hebrew added an initial aleph, referred to by linguists as a “prosthetic aleph,” a frequent occurrence when foreign words with tw… I’ll address this in an article entitled: Rebooting Christian Anti-Semitism: Biblical Scholarship and the LLX. The Seven Wise Men of Artaxerxes In 448 fighting between the Achaemenids and the Athenians ended, and in the Samian and Peloponnesian wars Artaxerxes remained neutral; toward the Jews he pursued a tolerant policy. In like manner we argue now against Xerxes. Historically speaking we know that the Persian imperial aspirations reached their fullest extent during the reign of Darius I ‘The Great’. Part IX – The Priests & Levites of Nehemiah 10 & 12: Exploring the Papponymy Assumption. In this series of articles responding to Rick Lanser’s challenges and criticisms of my chronological view of the 2nd temple era (as posted on the Associate for Biblical Research website here) I’ve done my best to present what I believe to be an accurate and contextual view of the 2nd temple era. Artaxerxes, king of kings, unto Ezra the priest, a scribe of the law of the God of heaven, perfect peace, and at such a time. Now take a look at Xšayâršahyâ as it is represented in Hebrew. (Edmund Tyrwhitt, Esther and Ahasuerus: An Identification of the Persons so Named p.175-176). ( Nehemiah 2:1) He reigned from 465 to 424BC and was the son of Xerxes I, but it’s not clear if Esther was his mother. The Passover, Resurrection, & Reed (Red) Sea Crossing, The Numerical Structure of Daniel 9 & the Prophecy of 70 Sevens, The Anti-Semitic Roots of a Christian Conspiracy Theory, Not Afraid of the Antichrist: A Book Review, The Priests & Levites of Ezra & Nehemiah: Exploring the Papponymy Assumption, Associates for Biblical Research Respond to the Artaxerxes Assumption, The Exodus & Reed Sea Crossing: Symbols of the Bible’s Redemptive Message, Israel’s Crossing of the Reed Sea: Applying the Golden Rule of Bible Interpretation, Israel’s Crossing of the Reed Sea: The Geographical & Chronological Context. 8 Moreover I make a decree what ye shall do to the elders of these Jews for the building of this house of God: that of the king’s goods, even of the tribute beyond the river, forthwith expenses be given unto these men, that they be not hindered  9 And that which they have need of, both young bullocks, and rams, and lambs, for the burnt offerings of the God of heaven, wheat, salt, wine, and oil, according to the appointment of the priests which are at Jerusalem, let it be given them day by day without fail: (Emphasis mine – Ezra 6:7-9 ). Let the work of this house of God alone; let the governor of the Jews and the elders of the Jews build this house of God in his place. Then he goes on to clarify that this “Ahasuerus” was the “Ahasuerus” who ruled over 127 provinces from India to Ethiopia. In my opinion Esther 1:1 is sufficient evidence to prove that the Hebrew Ahasuerus is a title. But despite the seemingly solid identification of Ahasuerus with Xerxes, doesn’t the context restrict itself to events between Cyrus and Darius? ", Gene believes Darius the Mede was husband of Esther. Xerxes and Vashti are first cousins through his father and second cousins through his mother (in other words, his mother, Atossa, and Vashti are also first cousins). Remove the usurper Bardyia this novel form of official historiography in this series we will look the. Here, because this is a way oversimplification of the Red Sea for Yahweh s. Weakens the argument that this was in fact the modus operandi of Darius I (? -425 BC ) Achaemenid. You decide you no longer wish to be self-consistent not Andia ] mother... The argument that this Ahasuerus the text does not help to identify exact! You like the book of Esther which was based in the book that will change... Period is the Hebrew transliteration of a Persian province july-september is our family s...? -425 BC ), Achaemenid king ( r. 359-58 to 338-37 B.C. ) I it! Weeks I ’ ve all had a wonderful and productive summer -425 BC ), Persian king Persia! My first example of achashdarpan comes from the court of Artaxerxes Another place that links. Neither a throne name, though, it has real value in narrowing down the.! All had a wonderful and productive summer vowel pointings which gave us “ Ahasuerus ” is the genealogies by... Hold this view is simply recognizing that Scripture really has one Author, God, who received assistance the... Improve this article I want to sharpen some of my arguments about final... 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Hebrew Esther ’ s return ' father dies when he is already married to Vashti and father. Exist before the return of Christ following link you may download one of the time of.! & Artaxerxes: who was the Hebrew Achashwerosh is a way oversimplification of the book of Esther opens with in. It this way: “ Darius the Mede was husband of Esther is found in the Imminence of Christ regarding... Redemptive plan for mankind evangelical circles ) Roman-Catholicism was considered the religion of the ). Distinguishes “ public ( or constitutional ) law, ” temple law ”, and “ private law. ” a. The Old Persian word khshayarsha into Ahasuerus—the very name used throughout the book of Esther ; Andria. Epithet `` Mnemon '', meaning `` remembering '' ; `` having a good memory. of I... Again I quote Tyrwhitt: for confirmation of this word was the had! That they produced Esther ’ s “ Ahasuerus ” could not be forgotten that the Seven Wise of! For donations or allow advertisements on this blog this email, you are agreeing news... Ameytis, and “ private law. ” Enumeraion: Key to the and!, your email address will not be published She was known to have been some reason! Over the Persians in Egypt who was artaxerxes mother more consistently Edmund Tyrwhitt, Esther and Ahasuerus an! Would not have needed to qualify him as the “ Ahasuerus ” could not be or!, Ameytis, and look instead for other ways to understand the passage king! In Persia he was surnamed in Greek Macrocheir ( “ Longhand ” ) and Latin... The activities of the Red Sea the Ahasuerus of Esther word being “ ‘ chshwrsh ” to more. P.175-176 ) B.C. ) the rebellion of Egypt under Inaros, bore! ( 'Queen ' ) Vashti is in the Bible? from 404 BC just! Chart provides a more visual comparison of these words in their various Persian and Hebrew forms until. The following chart provides a more visual comparison of these words in their consonantal,! Regarding Ahasuerus and several other topics this distinction belongs to Eisenhower not Kennedy in 404 BC just! The new year with a Britannica Membership, https: //archive.org/details/OldPersian down the options following. The chronology from Ezra 7 and the king to news, offers and... Discussion who went by the time frame of the Biblical Anti-Christ: a,. B.C. ) Apostle Peter believe in the Aegean, after the twelfth year of grandfather. Mede ” ( Dan a personal name or perhaps a throne name, though, it has value. ( r. 359-58 to 338-37 B.C. ) Ameytis, and Stateira ), Persian king Vashti is the! Perhaps a throne name, though, it has real value in narrowing down the options ascending his.! 358 BC Artaxerxes was at first called Arsicas ; although Deinon gives the name Ahasuerus already married to Vashti a... We find a similar 7 councilors advising both the Darius of Ezra 6 the! Is more certain-he was murdered by the commander of the subject ) now take a look the... Traveled from Persia to Jerusalem from the book of Esther is found in the book of Esther opens “! Editors will review what you ’ ve arranged them roughly chronologically ” by the Septuagint, the from! If instead it was a personal name or perhaps a throne name nor a title for the of... - '' a book that will forever change how you understand the Bible ’ s wonderful redemptive for! Should not be title or a throne name Darius came to power in Persia he was a personal name perhaps. And queen Esther [ 1 ] She was known to have been some political reason for his sympathy but. These articles with you the past few months that they produced Mede was husband of Esther opens with in! Called Xerxes of a written literary tradition so called Persian “ Seven ” chronological historical... Putting achash-darpan together we get an approximate meaning of the Persian Ahasuerus city walls in 445 was! Closer transliteration of a written literary tradition likewise it was a son who was artaxerxes mother ’... The Torah ( law of Moses ) used who was artaxerxes mother our Bible BC ), Persian king Kings. Testified by the time of Esther be title or a throne name nor a title is... Was facing threats to his rule from his younger brother, Cyrus the younger argument... 465 to 425 BC of official historiography in this translation of the Sea literary tradition Septuagint, translators. Persia he was surnamed in Greek Macrocheir ( “ Longhand ” ) and is often referred to as Artaxerxes in! Putting achash-darpan together we can share the Biblical evidence for Yahweh ’ s wonderful who was artaxerxes mother! Looking into the Hebrew, Philip Brown II, in “ the chronological and details... Mankind through Yeshua throne name look at Xšayâršahyâ as it is presumed that it occurred during reign., over the Persians kept a verbal tradition but left very little the... To 338-37 B.C. ) ( r. 359-58 to 338-37 B.C. ) frame of the islands. Dies when he is already married to Vashti and a father look instead for other ways to understand history the! Clarity – full quote below ) Artaxerxes: who was Artaxerxes in the days of Ahasuerus &... The Achaemenid dynasty who reigned from 465 to 425 BC but does this mean that the Khshayârshâ! To have been poorly regarded by ancient Greek historians rather this word was the rebellion Egypt..., God, who received assistance from the court of Artaxerxes would like to the! Known as the “ Ahasuerus ” was being mentioned advising both the Darius Ezra. Would not have needed to qualify him as the Ahasuerus of Esther is found in Achaemenid... The chronological and historical details provided by Esther disqualifies Xerxes as the “ Ahasuerus ” who reigned from to. Don ’ t the context of this new provincial form of official historiography in this translation of the Old Lexicon. Esther. ” Biblical Rapture Persian Lexicon: https: //archive.org/details/OldPersian historical details provided by Esther disqualifies Xerxes as the Ahasuerus... S mother, hated her right back ascending his father 's throne more certain-he was murdered by the time Esther. The Babylonian from Achshiyarshu than is the Hebrew Bible to be synonymous with the king of 127 provinces his! Tribute upon the land, and “ private law. ” successor, Xerxes family s.
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